Thye producvtion function shows thje maximum quantity of the output that can be produced per unit time for each set of alternative inputs, given the best available production technology avialble. In the short run at least one of factor of production remains fixed. Fir instance , in the case of an agriculture production function, various alternative commodidties of labour or capital per unit of time may be used in realtion a fixed amount of land. The total product curve increases rate first until the point inflection, after which it starts incresing at a decreasing rate, reches its maximum and then starts decling. The average product labour is then obtailed from toal product divided by the number of units of labour / Capital used. The marginal product of labour represents the change in TP per unit change in the quantity of labour capital used.
The shapes of curve determines the shape of the AP and MP curves. The APl at anypoint on the TPl curve is given by trhe slope of the straight line from the origin to that point on the TP curve. The AP curve usually first rises , reaches a maximum , and then falls, but remains positive as long as the TP is positive. The MPl is equal to the slop of the TP curve, reflecting the change in output due to a unit change in inout betweem the two points. The MP curve is also rise first, reches a maximum and then delines. The MP becomes zero when the TP is maximum. This is the law od dimnishing returns.
If labour is factor input considered , the relationship between the APL and MPL curves can be used to define the three stages of production. Stage I starts from the point where the APl is maximum tot he point where the APL maximum tot he point where the MPL is zero.
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